Block noise reducing apparatus

ABSTRACT

A calculation is made as to first and second differences in level represented by an input video signal at first and second inter-block boundaries adjoining opposite edges of every rectangular block respectively. A corrective value at every pixel in the rectangular block is calculated from a position of the pixel and the first and second differences according to a predetermined equation. The corrective value is added to a level represented by the input video signal to get an output video signal. The predetermined equation is designed so that levels represented by the output video signal at respective pixels in the rectangular block will be on a line given by a predetermined function of pixel position and connecting a first point in a range corresponding to the first difference and a second point in a range corresponding to the second difference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention generally relates to a block noise reducing apparatus.When a video signal is encoded into a compressed digital signal fit tobe transmitted or recorded, block noise tends to occur in the compresseddigital signal. In addition, when the compressed digital signal isdecoded into the original video signal, block noise tends to occur inthe decoding-resultant video signal. This invention specifically relatesto an apparatus for reducing or removing such block noise in a videosignal.

2. Description of the Related Art

In a known compressively encoding procedure, every frame represented byan input video signal is divided into rectangular blocks each having aplurality of pixels neighboring in horizontal and vertical directions,and the input video signal is compressed and encoded rectangular-blockby rectangular-block to get an output video signal. The output videosignal is transmitted via a recording medium or a transmission linebefore being decoded rectangular-block by rectangular-block to recoverthe original video signal.

In the case where the amount of information represented by an outputvideo signal is required to be small, the rate of the compression of aninput video signal is set to a large value. A difference in tonerepresented by the output video signal between adjacent rectangularblocks tends to be greater as the compression rate is larger. Forexample, a difference in tone represented by the output video signalbetween adjacent rectangular blocks is noticeable when a picturerepresented by the input video signal has only a gradual tone variation.Such a tone difference is referred to as block noise. In some cases, theblock noise is noticeable in a picture represented by the output videosignal.

Japanese patent application publication number P2001-119695A discloses ablock noise reducing apparatus including a filter circuit for correctinga signal level difference at the boundary between adjacent rectangularblocks to reduce or remove block noise.

Specifically, the block noise reducing apparatus in Japanese patentapplication P2001-119695A includes an isolated differential pointextraction circuit, a filter circuit, a delay circuit, and an adder. Theisolated differential point extraction circuit differentiates an inputvideo signal to get a differentiated video signal, and then extractsevery portion of the differentiated video signal which corresponds to anisolated differential point. The extracted signal portions compose anisolated differential point signal. In general, isolated differentialpoints correspond to tone differences between adjacent rectangularblocks which mean block noise. The filter circuit subjects the isolateddifferential point signal to a prescribed filtering process to get acorrective signal for canceling tone differences between adjacentrectangular blocks. For every isolated differential point, thecorrective signal has effective values relating only to a limitedpicture area composed of 4 successive pixels. The center of the limitedpicture area corresponds to the isolated differential point. The delaycircuit defers the input video signal to get a delayed video signal. Theadder combines the delayed video signal and the corrective signal,thereby correcting the delayed video signal in response to thecorrective signal to reduce or remove tone differences between adjacentrectangular blocks. The adder outputs the correction-resultant videosignal as a block-noise-reduced video signal or a block-noise-removedvideo signal.

In the block noise reducing apparatus of Japanese patent applicationP2001-119695A, the corrective signal has effective values relating onlyto a limited picture area composed of 4 successive pixels centered at anisolated differential point. Thus, video signal portions relating topixels other than the 4 successive pixels are uncorrected. In somecases, uncorrected video signal portions cause insufficient reduction orremoval of block noise.

The block noise reducing apparatus of Japanese patent applicationP2001-119695A tends to deteriorate high frequency components of a videosignal.

In the case where an input video signal represents a picture originallyor naturally having tone differences between adjacent rectangularblocks, the block noise reducing apparatus of Japanese patentapplication P2001-119695A causes a deteriorated picture represented bythe correction-resultant video signal.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is a first object of this invention to provide an apparatus forsufficiently reducing block noise in a video signal.

It is a second object of this invention to provide an apparatus forreducing block noise in a video signal without deteriorating highfrequency components of the video signal.

It is a third object of this invention to provide a block noise reducingapparatus which suspends a process of reducing block noise to preventthe occurrence of a significant deterioration in a picture in the casewhere an input video signal represents a picture originally or naturallyhaving tone differences between adjacent rectangular blocks.

A first aspect of this invention provides an apparatus for reducingblock noise in an input video signal resulting from compressivelyencoding an original video signal rectangular-block by rectangular-blockto get an encoded digital video signal, and expansively decoding theencoded digital video signal rectangular-block by rectangular-block. Theapparatus comprises first means for calculating first and seconddifferences in level represented by the input video signal at first andsecond inter-block boundaries adjoining opposite edges of everyrectangular block respectively; second means for calculating acorrective value at every pixel in the rectangular block from a positionof the pixel and the first and second differences calculated by thefirst means according to a predetermined equation; and third means foradding the corrective value calculated by the second means to a levelrepresented by the input video signal to get an output video signal. Thepredetermined equation is designed so that levels represented by theoutput video signal at respective pixels in the rectangular block willbe on a line given by a predetermined function of pixel position andconnecting a first point in a range corresponding to the firstdifference calculated by the first means and a second point in a rangecorresponding to the second difference calculated by the first means.

A second aspect of this invention provides an apparatus for reducingblock noise in an input video signal resulting from compressivelyencoding an original video signal rectangular-block by rectangular-blockto get an encoded digital video signal, and expansively decoding theencoded digital video signal rectangular-block by rectangular-block. Theapparatus comprises first means for calculating first and seconddifferences in level represented by the input video signal at first andsecond inter-block boundaries adjoining opposite edges of everyrectangular block respectively; second means for calculating acorrective value at every pixel in the rectangular block from a positionof the pixel and the first and second differences calculated by thefirst means according to a predetermined equation; third means foradding the corrective value calculated by the second means to a levelrepresented by the input video signal to get a first output videosignal; fourth means for comparing the first and second differencescalculated by the first means with a predetermined threshold value todecide whether or not block noise occurs at the first and secondinter-block boundaries; and fifth means for selecting one of (1) thefirst output video signal generated by the third means and (2) the inputvideo signal in response to results of the comparing by the fourth meansto get a second output video signal. The predetermined equation isdesigned so that levels represented by the first output video signal atrespective pixels in the rectangular block will be on a line given by apredetermined function of pixel position and connecting a first point ina range corresponding to the first difference calculated by the firstmeans and a second point in a range corresponding to the seconddifference calculated by the first means.

A third aspect of this invention provides an apparatus for reducingblock noise in an input video signal resulting from compressivelyencoding an original video signal rectangular-block by rectangular-blockto get an encoded digital video signal, and expansively decoding theencoded digital video signal rectangular-block by rectangular-block. Theapparatus comprises first means for calculating first and seconddifferences in level represented by the input video signal at first andsecond inter-block boundaries adjoining opposite edges of everyrectangular block respectively; second means for calculating acorrective value at every pixel in the rectangular block from a positionof the pixel and the first and second differences calculated by thefirst means according to a predetermined equation; third means foradding the corrective value calculated by the second means to a levelrepresented by the input video signal to get a first output videosignal; fourth means for comparing the first and second differencescalculated by the first means with a predetermined threshold value todecide whether or not block noise occurs at the first and secondinter-block boundaries; a filter for filtering the input video signal toget a filtered video signal; and fifth means for selecting one of (1)the first output video signal generated by the first means and (2) thefiltered video signal generated by the filter in response to results ofthe comparing by the fourth means to get a second output video signal.The predetermined equation is designed so that levels represented by thefirst output video signal at respective pixels in the rectangular blockwill be on a line given by a predetermined function of pixel positionand connecting a first point in a range corresponding to the firstdifference calculated by the first means and a second point in a rangecorresponding to the second difference calculated by the first means.

A fourth aspect of this invention is based on the third aspect thereof,and provides an apparatus wherein the filter comprises a low passfilter.

A fifth aspect of this invention provides an apparatus for reducingblock noise in an input video signal resulting from compressivelyencoding an original video signal rectangular-block by rectangular-blockto get an encoded digital video signal, and expansively decoding theencoded digital video signal rectangular-block by rectangular-block. Theapparatus comprises first means for calculating first and seconddifferences in level represented by the input video signal at first andsecond inter-block boundaries adjoining opposite edges of everyrectangular block respectively; second means for calculating acorrective value at every pixel in the rectangular block from a positionof the pixel and the first and second differences calculated by thefirst means according to a predetermined equation; third means foradding the corrective value calculated by the second means to a levelrepresented by the input video signal to get a first output videosignal; fourth means for comparing the first and second differencescalculated by the first means with first and second predeterminedthreshold values to decide conditions of block noise at the first andsecond inter-block boundaries; a filter for filtering the input videosignal to get a filtered video signal; and fifth means for selecting oneof (1) the first output video signal generated by the first means, (2)the input video signal, and (3) the filtered video signal generated bythe filter in response to results of the comparing by the fourth meansto get a second output video signal. The predetermined equation isdesigned so that levels represented by the first output video signal atrespective pixels in the rectangular block will be on a line given by apredetermined function of pixel position and connecting a first point ina range corresponding to the first difference calculated by the firstmeans and a second point in a range corresponding to the seconddifference calculated by the first means.

A sixth aspect of this invention is based on the fifth aspect thereof,and provides an apparatus wherein the filter comprises a low passfilter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example of the levels at successive pixels ina linear portion of a graduation picture represented by an input videosignal and having a gradual stepwise tone variation.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the levels at successive pixels in a linearportion of a graduation picture represented by a correction-resultantvideo signal which is generated by a prior-art block noise reducingapparatus and which originates from the input video signal in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a block noise reducing apparatus accordingto a first embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example of the levels at successive pixels ina linear portion of a graduation picture represented by an input videosignal and having a gradual stepwise tone variation.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of the levels at successive pixels in a linearportion of a graduation picture represented by an output video signalwhich is generated by the block noise reducing apparatus in FIG. 3, andwhich originates from the input video signal in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a block noise reducing apparatus accordingto a second embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a block noise reducing apparatus accordingto a third embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a filter in FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a block noise reducing apparatus accordingto a fourth embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a block noise reducing apparatus accordingto a fifth embodiment of this invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The prior-art block noise reducing apparatus disclosed in Japanesepatent application P2001-119695A will be further explained below for abetter understanding of this invention.

FIG. 1 shows an example of the levels (the luminance levels or the tonelevels) at successive pixels in a linear portion of a graduation picturerepresented by an input video signal and having a gradual stepwise tonevariation. In FIG. 1, there are stepwise tone changes (stepwiseluminance changes) at the boundaries I and II between adjacentrectangular blocks.

The prior-art block noise reducing apparatus corrects the input videosignal (see FIG. 1) to reduce or remove block noise while using thefilter circuit. Thus, the prior-art noise reducing apparatus generatesthe correction-resultant video signal. FIG. 2 shows the levels (theluminance levels) at successive pixels in a linear portion of agraduation picture represented by the correction-resultant video signalwhich originates from the input video signal (see FIG. 1). In theprior-art block noise reducing apparatus, the corrective signal haseffective values relating only to a limited picture area composed of 4successive pixels centered at an isolated differential point. Therefore,as shown in FIG. 2, the levels (the luminance levels) at 4 successivepixels around the boundary I or II between adjacent rectangular blocksare corrected while the levels (the luminance levels) at other pixelsare uncorrected. Specifically, the levels (the luminance levels) atsuccessive pixels in a picture area 100 relatively remote from theinter-block boundaries I and II are uncorrected. When the successivepixels in FIG. 2 are arranged along the horizontal direction withrespect to the related picture, the uncorrected picture area 100 is seenas a vertical stripe. When the successive pixels in FIG. 2 are arrangedalong the vertical direction with respect to the related picture, theuncorrected picture area 100 is seen as a horizontal stripe.

First Embodiment

FIG. 3 shows a block noise reducing apparatus according to a firstembodiment of this invention. The apparatus of FIG. 3 includes acorrection circuit 11 and a block-noise-related level-differencecalculation circuit 12 connected with each other.

An input video signal (an input digital video signal) is fed to thecorrection circuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit 12.The input video signal is generated in a set of a conventionalcompressively encoding procedure and a conventional expansively decodingprocedure as follows. Every frame represented by an original videosignal is divided into rectangular blocks each having a plurality ofpixels or a prescribed number of pixels neighboring in horizontal andvertical directions. The original video signal is compressed and encodedrectangular-block by rectangular-block to get an encoded digital videosignal. The encoded digital video signal is recorded on a recordingmedium or sent along a transmission line. Then, the encoded digitalvideo signal is reproduced from the recording medium or received fromthe transmission line. The reproduced digital video signal or thereceived digital video signal is decoded and expanded rectangular-blockby rectangular-block to get a decoded digital video signal equivalent tothe original video signal. The decoded digital video signal is used asthe input video signal fed to the correction circuit 11 and thelevel-difference calculation circuit 12.

The correction circuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit12 receive, from a previous-stage device such as a digital tuner,information about the boundaries between rectangular blocks composingevery frame related to the input video signal.

The level-difference calculation circuit 12 computes block-noise-relatedlevel differences at the opposite edges of rectangular blocks or at theboundaries between rectangular blocks composing every frame related tothe input video signal. The level-difference calculation circuit 12informs the correction circuit 11 of the computed block-noise-relatedlevel differences.

The correction circuit 11 corrects the input video signal in response tothe block-noise-related level differences according to a prescribedcorrective equation, and thereby generates a correction-resultant videosignal, that is, a block-noise-reduced video signal or ablock-noise-removed video signal. The correction circuit 11 feeds theblock-noise-reduced video signal or the block-noise-removed video signalto an external device (not shown) as an output video signal.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the levels (the luminance levels or the tonelevels) at successive pixels in a linear portion of a graduation picturerepresented by the input video signal and having a gradual stepwise tonevariation. The successive pixels in FIG. 4 are arranged along thehorizontal direction or the vertical direction with respect to therelated picture (the related frame).

In FIG. 4, there are stepwise tone changes (stepwise luminance changes)at the boundaries I and II between adjacent rectangular blocksrespectively. The inter-block boundary I is of interest. The inter-blockboundary II is next to the inter-block boundary I of interest as viewedin the scanning direction. The last pixel in the first rectangular blockis given an order number of “0”. The first and later pixels in thesecond rectangular block are given order numbers of “1”, “2”, . . . ,and “n”, respectively. The last pixel in the second rectangular blockhas an order number of “n”. Thus, the interval between the inter-blockboundary I of interest and the next inter-block boundary II correspondsto “n” pixels. The first pixel in the third rectangular block is givenan order number of “n+1”. The inter-block boundary I of interest extendsbetween the last pixel “0” in the first rectangular block and the firstpixel “1” in the second rectangular block. The difference “A” betweenthe level (the luminance level or the tone level) at the pixel “O” andthe level at the pixel “1” is the stepwise tone change at theinter-block boundary I of interest. The next inter-block boundary IIextends between the last pixel “n” in the second rectangular block andthe first pixel “n+1” in the third rectangular block. The difference “B”between the level (the luminance level or the tone level) at the pixel“n” and the level at the pixel “n+1” is the stepwise tone change at thenext inter-block boundary II.

In FIG. 4, the second rectangular block, that is, the rectangular blockbetween the inter-block boundaries I and II is of interest. The pixel ofinterest changes from one to another of the pixels in the rectangularblock of interest as time goes by.

The level-difference calculation circuit 12 computes an intermediatevalue (a middle value) “a” with respect to the level difference “A” atthe inter-block boundary I of interest according to the followingequation.

a=(P0−P1)/2  (1)

where P0 denotes the level at the pixel “0”, and P1 denotes the level atthe pixel “1”. In addition, the level-difference calculation circuit 12computes an intermediate value (a middle value) “b” with respect to thelevel difference “B” at the next inter-block boundary II according tothe following equation.

b=(Pn+1−Pn)/2  (2)

where Pn denotes the level at the pixel “n”, and Pn+1 denotes the levelat the pixel “n+1”. The level-difference calculation circuit 12 informsthe correction circuit 11 of the computed intermediate values “a” and“b”.

The correction circuit 11 corrects the input video signal into theoutput video signal (the correction-resultant video signal) in responseto the intermediate values “a” and “b” according to the followingequation.

So=Si+a+{(b−a)·(2k+1)/2n}  (3)

where So denotes the level represented by the output video signal (thelevel at the pixel of interest which is represented by the output videosignal); Si denotes the level represented by the input video signal (thelevel at the pixel of interest which is represented by the input videosignal); “k” denotes a variable indicating the position of the pixel ofinterest; and “n” denotes the total number of horizontally-arrangedpixels or vertically-arranged pixels in the rectangular block ofinterest (the rectangular block between the inter-block boundaries I andII). Specifically, the variable “k” is equal to “0” when the pixel “1”is of interest. The variable “k” is equal to “1” when the pixel “2” isof interest. The variable “k” increases from “O” to “n−1” as the pixelof interest changes from the pixel “1” to the pixel “n”. The variable“k” is equal to “n−1” when the pixel “n” is of interest. In the equation(3), the term “a+{(b−a)·(2k+1)/2n}” is a corrective value to be added tothe level “Si” represented by the input video signal. The correctioncircuit 11 feeds the output video signal (the correction-resultant videosignal) to an external device (not shown).

FIG. 5 shows the levels (the luminance levels or the tone levels) atsuccessive pixels in a linear portion of a graduation picturerepresented by the output video signal which originates from the inputvideo signal (see FIG. 4). As shown in FIG. 5, regarding the outputvideo signal, the levels at the pixels “1”, “2”, . . . , “n” in therectangular block between the inter-block boundaries I and II (therectangular block of interest) are on the straight line connecting thepoint on the inter-block boundary I of interest which corresponds to theintermediate value “a” and the point on the next inter-block boundary IIwhich corresponds to the intermediate value “b”. It should be noted thatthe straight line may be replaced by a curved line provided by apredetermined function of the pixel position.

The rectangular block of interest changes from one to another of therectangular blocks in the related frame represented by the input videosignal as time goes by. The levels at the pixels in the rectangularblock of interest which relates to the input video signal are correctedby the correction circuit 11 as previously mentioned. As shown in FIGS.4 and 5, the output video signal has sufficiently-reduced block-noisecomponents even when the input video signal represents a graduationpicture having a gradual stepwise tone variation.

The correction of the input video signal by the correction circuit 11and the level-difference calculation circuit 12 means correction ofsubstantially DC components of the input video signal which does not useany filter significantly deteriorating high frequency components of theinput video signal. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce or removeblock noise without significantly deteriorating high frequencycomponents of the input video signal.

The correction circuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit12 may be formed by a digital signal processor or a similar devicehaving a combination of an input/output port, a processing section, aROM, and a RAM. In this case, the correction circuit 11 and thelevel-difference calculation circuit 12 operate according to a controlprogram stored in the ROM. The control program is designed to enable thecorrection circuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit 12 toexecute the previously-mentioned operation steps.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 6 shows a block noise reducing apparatus according to a secondembodiment of this invention. The apparatus of FIG. 6 is similar to theapparatus of FIG. 3 except for an additional design mentioned hereafter.

The apparatus of FIG. 6 includes a block noise decision circuit 13 and aswitch circuit 14. The block noise decision circuit 13 and the switchcircuit 14 receive the input video signal. The block noise decisioncircuit 13 is connected with the switch circuit 14. The switch circuit14 is connected with the level-difference calculation circuit 12.

The switch circuit 14 includes input terminals 14 a and 14 b, an outputterminal 14 c, and a control terminal. The input terminal 14 a isconnected to the output side of the correction circuit 11. The inputterminal 14 b is subjected to the input video signal. The outputterminal 14 c leads to an external device (not shown). The controlterminal of the switch circuit 14 is connected to the output side of theblock noise decision circuit 13. In the switch circuit 14, the outputterminal 14 c is selectively connected with either the input terminal 14a or the input terminal 14 b depending on the logic state of a signal (acontrol signal) applied to the control terminal.

The block noise decision circuit 13 receives, from a previous-stagedevice such as a digital tuner, information about the boundaries betweenrectangular blocks composing every frame related to the input videosignal.

In operation, the input video signal is fed to the correction circuit11, the level-difference calculation circuit 12, the block noisedecision circuit 13, and the input terminal 14 b of the switch circuit14. The correction-resultant video signal is fed from the correctioncircuit 11 to the input terminal 14 a of the switch circuit 14.

For every rectangular block related to the input video signal, the blocknoise decision circuit 13 calculates the level differences “A” and “B”at the opposite inter-block boundaries adjoining the rectangular blockrespectively. The block noise decision circuit 13 compares thecalculated level differences “A” and “B” with a prescribed thresholdvalue Th. The result of the comparison is in one of the followingconditions (1), (2), (3), and (4).

A≦Th, B≦Th  (1)

A>Th, B≦Th  (2)

A≦Th, B>Th  (3)

A>Th, B>Th  (4)

In the case where at least one of the calculated level differences “A”and “B” exceeds the prescribed threshold value Th, there is a highpossibility that the input video signal represents a picture originallyor naturally having tone differences between adjacent rectangularblocks. In this case, as will be mentioned later, the correction of theinput video signal by the correction circuit 11 and the level-differencecalculation circuit 12 are made ineffective. On the other hand, in thecase where both the calculated level differences “A” and “B” are smallerthan the prescribed threshold value Th, it is decided that block noiseoccurs at the inter-block boundaries adjoining the opposite edges of therectangular block of interest which relates to the input video signal.In this case, as will be mentioned later, the correction of the inputvideo signal by the correction circuit 11 and the level-differencecalculation circuit 12 are made effective.

The block noise decision circuit 13 determines whether or not thecomparison result is in the above-indicated condition (1), that is,whether or not block noise occurs at the inter-block boundariesadjoining the opposite edges of the rectangular block of interest. Theblock noise decision circuit 13 generates a binary control signal inresponse to the result of the determination. For example, the generatedcontrol signal is in a high-level state when the comparison result is inthe above-indicated condition (1), that is, when block noise occurs atthe inter-block boundaries adjoining the opposite edges of therectangular block of interest. Otherwise, the generated control signalis in a low-level state. The block noise decision circuit 13 outputs thecontrol signal to the switch circuit 14.

The switch circuit 14 selects the correction-resultant video signal whenthe control signal is in its high-level state, that is, when thecomparison result is in the above-indicated condition (1). In otherwords, the switch circuit 14 selects the correction-resultant videosignal when block noise occurs at the inter-block boundaries adjoiningthe opposite edges of the rectangular block of interest. The switchcircuit 14 selects the input video signal when the control signal is inits low-level state, that is, when the comparison result is in one ofthe above-indicated conditions (2), (3), and (4). In other words, theswitch circuit 14 selects the input video signal when block noise doesnot occur at the inter-block boundaries adjoining the opposite edges ofthe rectangular block of interest. The switch circuit 14 passes theselected video signal to the external device as an output video signal.Therefore, the correction of the input video signal by the correctioncircuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit 12 is madeeffective when the control signal is in its high-level state, that is,when the comparison result is in the above-indicated condition (1).Otherwise, the correction of the input video signal by the correctioncircuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit 12 is madeineffective. In other words, the correction of the input video signal bythe correction circuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit12 is made effective when block noise occurs at the inter-blockboundaries adjoining the opposite edges of the rectangular block ofinterest, and is made ineffective when block noise does not occur.

As understood from the above explanation, the input video signal whichrepresents a picture originally or naturally having tone differencesbetween adjacent rectangular blocks is propagated through the apparatusof FIG. 6 without being corrected by the correction circuit 11 and thelevel-difference calculation circuit 12. Accordingly, such an inputvideo signal is prevented from suffering a deterioration in a relatedpicture which might be caused by the correction by the correctioncircuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit 12.

The correction circuit 11, the level-difference calculation circuit 12,the block noise decision circuit 13, and the switch circuit 14 may beformed by a digital signal processor or a similar device having acombination of an input/output port, a processing section, a ROM, and aRAM. In this case, the correction circuit 11, the level-differencecalculation circuit 12, the block noise decision circuit 13, and theswitch circuit 14 operate according to a control program stored in theROM. The control program is designed to enable the correction circuit11, the level-difference calculation circuit 12, the block noisedecision circuit 13, and the switch circuit 14 to execute thepreviously-mentioned operation steps.

Third Embodiment

FIG. 7 shows a block noise reducing apparatus according to a thirdembodiment of this invention. The apparatus of FIG. 7 is similar to theapparatus of FIG. 6 except for an additional design mentioned hereafter.

The apparatus of FIG. 7 includes a filter 15 and a switch circuit 16.The filter 15 receives the input video signal. The switch circuit 16replaces the switch circuit 14 in FIG. 6.

The switch circuit 16 includes input terminals 16 a and 16 b, an outputterminal 16 c, and a control terminal. The input terminal 16 a isconnected to the output side of the correction circuit 11. The inputterminal 16 b is connected to the output side of the filter 15. Theoutput terminal 16 c leads to an external device (not shown). Thecontrol terminal of the switch circuit 16 is connected to the outputside of the block noise decision circuit 13. Thus, the control terminalof the switch circuit 16 is subjected to the control signal outputtedfrom the block noise decision circuit 13. In the switch circuit 16, theoutput terminal 16 c is selectively connected with either the inputterminal 16 a or the input terminal 16 b depending on the logic state ofthe control signal applied to the control terminal.

In operation, the input video signal is fed to the correction circuit11, the level-difference calculation circuit 12, the block noisedecision circuit 13, and the filter 15. The correction-resultant videosignal is fed from the correction circuit 11 to the input terminal 16 aof the switch circuit 16.

The filter 15 is of a low pass type. The device 15 suppresses highfrequency components of the input video signal to get afiltering-resultant video signal. Specifically, the filter 15 reduceshigh frequency noise in the input video signal. The high frequency noisemay contain block noise. The filter 15 outputs the filtering-resultantvideo signal to the input terminal 16 b of the switch circuit 16.

As shown in FIG. 8, the filter 15 includes delay circuits 151 and 152,multipliers 153, 154, and 155, and an adder 156. The input video signalis applied to the input sides of the delay circuit 151 and themultiplier 153. The output side of the delay circuit 151 is connectedwith the input sides of the delay circuit 152 and the multiplier 154.The output side of the delay circuit 152 is connected with the inputside of the multiplier 155. The output side of the multiplier 153 isconnected with a first input terminal of the adder 156. The output sideof the multiplier 154 is connected with a second input terminal of theadder 156. The output side of the multiplier 155 is connected with athird input terminal of the adder 156. The output terminal of the adder156 leads to the switch circuit 16.

The delay circuit 151 defers the input video signal by a timecorresponding to one pixel to get a first delayed video signal. Thedelay circuit 151 outputs the first delayed video signal to the delaycircuit 152 and the multiplier 154. The delay circuit 152 defers thefirst delayed video signal by a time corresponding to one pixel to get asecond delayed video signal. The delay circuit 152 outputs the seconddelayed video signal to the multiplier 155. The device 153 multipliesthe input video signal by a coefficient of 1/4 to get a firstmultiplication-resultant video signal. The multiplier 153 outputs thefirst multiplication-resultant video signal to the adder 156. The device154 multiplies the first delayed video signal by a coefficient of 1/2 toget a second multiplication-resultant video signal. The multiplier 154outputs the second multiplication-resultant video signal to the adder156. The device 155 multiplies the second delayed video signal by acoefficient of 1/4 to get a third multiplication-resultant video signal.The multiplier 155 outputs the third multiplication-resultant videosignal to the adder 156. The device 156 adds the first, second, andthird multiplication-resultant video signals to get thefiltering-resultant video signal. The adder 156 outputs thefiltering-resultant video signal to the switch circuit 16.

The switch circuit 16 selects the correction-resultant video signal whenthe control signal is in its high-level state, that is, when thecomparison result generated in the block noise decision circuit 13 is inthe above-indicated condition (1). In other words, the switch circuit 16selects the correction-resultant video signal when block noise occurs atthe inter-block boundaries adjoining the opposite edges of therectangular block of interest. The switch circuit 16 selects thefiltering-resultant video signal when the control signal is in itslow-level state, that is, when the comparison result is in one of theabove-indicated conditions (2), (3), and (4). In other words, the switchcircuit 16 selects the filtering-resultant video signal when block noisedoes not occur at the inter-block boundaries adjoining the oppositeedges of the rectangular block of interest. The switch circuit 16 passesthe selected video signal to the external device as an output videosignal. Therefore, the correction of the input video signal by thecorrection circuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit 12 ismade effective when the control signal is in its high-level state, thatis, when the comparison result is in the above-indicated condition (1).Otherwise, the correction of the input video signal by the correctioncircuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit 12 is madeineffective, while the noise reduction by the filter 15 is madeeffective. In other words, the correction of the input video signal bythe correction circuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit12 is made effective when block noise occurs at the inter-blockboundaries adjoining the opposite edges of the rectangular block ofinterest, and is made ineffective when block noise does not occur.

As understood from the above explanation, the input video signal whichrepresents a picture originally or naturally having tone differencesbetween adjacent rectangular blocks is propagated through the apparatusof FIG. 7 and is processed by the filter 15 without being corrected bythe correction circuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit12. Accordingly, such an input video signal is prevented from sufferinga deterioration in a related picture which might be caused by thecorrection by the correction circuit 11 and the level-differencecalculation circuit 12.

The correction circuit 11, the level-difference calculation circuit 12,the block noise decision circuit 13, the filter 15, and the switchcircuit 16 may be formed by a digital signal processor or a similardevice having a combination of an input/output port, a processingsection, a ROM, and a RAM. In this case, the correction circuit 11, thelevel-difference calculation circuit 12, the block noise decisioncircuit 13, the filter 15, and the switch circuit 16 operate accordingto a control program stored in the ROM. The control program is designedto enable the correction circuit 11, the level-difference calculationcircuit 12, the block noise decision circuit 13, the filter 15, and theswitch circuit 16 to execute the previously-mentioned operation steps.

Fourth Embodiment

FIG. 9 shows a block noise reducing apparatus according to a fourthembodiment of this invention. The apparatus of FIG. 9 is similar to theapparatus of FIG. 7 except for an additional design mentioned hereafter.

The apparatus of FIG. 9 includes a block noise decision circuit 17 and aswitch circuit 18 which replace the block noise decision circuit 13 andthe switch circuit 16 in FIG. 7 respectively. The block noise decisioncircuit 17 receives the input video signal. The block noise decisioncircuit 17 receives, from a previous-stage device such as a digitaltuner, information about the boundaries between rectangular blockscomposing every frame related to the input video signal.

The switch circuit 18 includes input terminals 18 a, 18 b, and 18C, anoutput terminal 18 d, and a control terminal. The input terminal 18 a isconnected to the output side of the correction circuit 11. The inputterminal 18 b is subjected to the input video signal. The input terminal18 c is connected to the output side of the filter 15. The outputterminal 18 d leads to an external device (not shown). The controlterminal of the switch circuit 18 is connected to the output side of theblock noise decision circuit 17. Thus, the control terminal of theswitch circuit 18 is subjected to a control signal outputted from theblock noise decision circuit 17. In the switch circuit 18, the outputterminal 18 d is selectively connected with one of the input terminals18 a, 18 b, and 18 c depending on the logic state of the control signalapplied to the control terminal.

In operation, the input video signal is fed to the input terminal 18 bof the switch circuit 18. The correction-resultant video signal is fedfrom the correction circuit 11 to the input terminal 18 a of the switchcircuit 18. The filtering-resultant video signal is fed from the filter15 to the input terminal 18 c of the switch circuit 18. The switchcircuit 18 selects one among the input video signal, thecorrection-resultant video signal, and the filtering-resultant videosignal in response to the control signal outputted from the block noisedecision circuit 17. The switch circuit 18 passes the selected videosignal to the external device as an output video signal.

For every rectangular block related to the input video signal, the blocknoise decision circuit 17 calculates the level differences “A” and “B”at the opposite inter-block boundaries adjoining the rectangular block.The block noise decision circuit 17 compares the calculated leveldifferences “A” and “B” with first and second prescribed thresholdvalues Th1 and Th2. The first prescribed threshold value Th1 is greaterthan the second prescribed threshold value Th2. The block noise decisioncircuit 17 generates the control signal in response to the results ofthe comparison. The generated control signal is of a multiple-bit type.The generated control signal can change among at least three differentlogic states. The block noise decision circuit 17 outputs the generatedcontrol signal to the switch circuit 18.

The block noise decision circuit 17 determines whether or not both thelevel differences “A” and “B” are smaller than the second prescribedthreshold value Th2. When both the level differences “A” and “B” aresmaller than the second prescribed threshold value Th2, the block noisedecision circuit 17 concludes that block noise occurs at the inter-blockboundaries adjoining the opposite edges of the rectangular block ofinterest. In this case, the block noise decision circuit 17 sets thecontrol signal to a first logic state.

The block noise decision circuit 17 determines whether or not both thelevel differences “A” and “B” exceed the first prescribed thresholdvalue Th1. When both the level differences “A” and “B” exceed the firstprescribed threshold value Th1, the block noise decision circuit 17concludes that the input video signal represents a picture originally ornaturally having tone differences between adjacent rectangular blocks.In this case, the block noise decision circuit 17 sets the controlsignal to a second logic state.

The block noise decision circuit 17 determines whether or not at leastone of the level differences “A” and “B” exists between the first andsecond prescribed threshold values Th1 and Th2. When at least one of thelevel differences “A” and “B” exists between the first and secondprescribed threshold values Th1 and Th2, the block noise decisioncircuit 17 concludes as follows. It is unclear that block noise occursat the inter-block boundaries adjoining the opposite edges of therectangular block of interest, and that the input video signalrepresents a picture originally or naturally having tone differencesbetween adjacent rectangular blocks. In this case, the block noisedecision circuit 17 sets the control signal to a third logic state.

The block noise decision circuit 17 determines whether or not one of thelevel differences “A” and “B” is smaller than the second prescribedthreshold value Th2 and the other exceeds the first prescribed thresholdvalue Th1. When one of the level differences “A” and “B” is smaller thanthe second prescribed threshold value Th2 and the other exceeds thefirst prescribed threshold value Th1, the block noise decision circuit17 concludes as follows. It is unclear that block noise occurs at theinter-block boundaries adjoining the opposite edges of the rectangularblock of interest, and that the input video signal represents a pictureoriginally or naturally having tone differences between adjacentrectangular blocks. In this case, the block noise decision circuit 17sets the control signal to the third logic state.

The switch circuit 18 selects the correction-resultant video signal whenthe control signal applied to the switch circuit 18 is in its firstlogic state, that is, when both the level differences “A” and “B” aresmaller than the second prescribed threshold value Th2. In other words,the switch circuit 18 selects the correction-resultant video signal whenblock noise occurs at the inter-block boundaries adjoining the oppositeedges of the rectangular block of interest.

The switch circuit 18 selects the filtering-resultant video signal whenthe control signal applied to the switch circuit 18 is in its secondlogic state, that is, when both the level differences “A” and “B” exceedthe first prescribed threshold value Th1. In other words, the switchcircuit 18 selects the filtering-resultant video signal when the inputvideo signal represents a picture originally or naturally having tonedifferences between adjacent rectangular blocks.

The switch circuit 18 selects the input video signal when the controlsignal applied to the switch circuit 18 is in its third logic state,that is, when at least one of the level differences “A” and “B” existsbetween the first and second prescribed threshold values Th1 and Th2 orwhen one of the level differences “A” and “B” is smaller than the secondprescribed threshold value Th2 and the other exceeds the firstprescribed threshold value Th1. In other words, the switch circuit 18selects the input video signal when it is unclear that block noiseoccurs at the inter-block boundaries adjoining the opposite edges of therectangular block of interest, and that the input video signalrepresents a picture originally or naturally having tone differencesbetween adjacent rectangular blocks.

As understood from the above explanation, the input video signal whichrepresents a picture originally or naturally having tone differencesbetween adjacent rectangular blocks is propagated through the apparatusof FIG. 9 without being corrected by the correction circuit 11 and thelevel-difference calculation circuit 12. Accordingly, such an inputvideo signal is prevented from suffering a deterioration in a relatedpicture which might be caused by the correction by the correctioncircuit 11 and the level-difference calculation circuit 12. Thefiltering-resultant video signal is used as an output video signal whenit is unclear that block noise occurs at the inter-block boundariesadjoining the opposite edges of the rectangular block of interest, andthat the input video signal represents a picture originally or naturallyhaving tone differences between adjacent rectangular blocks.

The correction circuit 11, the level-difference calculation circuit 12,the filter 15, the block noise decision circuit 17, and the switchcircuit 18 may be formed by a digital signal processor or a similardevice having a combination of an input/output port, a processingsection, a ROM, and a RAM. In this case, the correction circuit 11, thelevel-difference calculation circuit 12, the filter 15, the block noisedecision circuit 17, and the switch circuit 18 operate according to acontrol program stored in the ROM. The control program is designed toenable the correction circuit 11, the level-difference calculationcircuit 12, the filter 15, the block noise decision circuit 17, and theswitch circuit 18 to execute the previously-mentioned operation steps.

Fifth Embodiment

FIG. 10 shows a block noise reducing apparatus according to a fifthembodiment of this invention. The apparatus of FIG. 10 is similar to theapparatus of FIG. 9 except that a filter 15A replaces the filter 15. Thefilter 15A in the apparatus of FIG. 10 has a frequency responsecharacteristic different from that of the filter 15.

Sixth Embodiment

A sixth embodiment of this invention is similar to one of the second andthird embodiments thereof (FIGS. 6 and 7) except that the thresholdvalue Th used in the block noise decision circuit 13 can be changed.

Seventh Embodiment

A seventh embodiment of this invention is similar to the fourthembodiment thereof (FIG. 9) except that the threshold values Th1 and Th2used in the block noise decision circuit 17 can be changed.

Eighth Embodiment

An eighth embodiment of this invention is similar to one of the first toseventh embodiments thereof except for a design change mentionedhereafter.

According to the eighth embodiment of this invention, a first point isdecided in a range corresponding to the level difference “A” at theinter-block boundary I of interest (see FIGS. 4 and 5) while a secondpoint is decided in a range corresponding to the level difference “B” atthe next inter-block boundary II. Then, the first point and the secondpoint are connected by a straight line or a curved line provided by apredetermined function of the pixel position. The correction of theinput video signal by the correction circuit 11 and the level-differencecalculation circuit 12 is designed so that regarding the output videosignal, the levels at the pixels “1”, “2”, . . . , “n” in therectangular block between the inter-block boundaries I and II (therectangular block of interest) are on the straight line or the curvedline connecting the first point and the second point.

1. (canceled)
 2. An apparatus for reducing block noise in an input videosignal resulting from compressively encoding an original video signalrectangular-block by rectangular-block to get an encoded digital videosignal, and expansively decoding the encoded digital video signalrectangular-block by rectangular-block, comprising: first means forcalculating first and second differences in level represented by theinput video signal at first and second inter-block boundaries adjoiningopposite edges of every rectangular block respectively; second means forcalculating a corrective value at every pixel in the rectangular blockfrom a position of the pixel and the first and second differencescalculated by the first means according to a predetermined equation;third means for adding the corrective value calculated by the secondmeans to a level represented by the input video signal to get a firstoutput video signal; fourth means for comparing the first and seconddifferences calculated by the first means with a predetermined thresholdvalue to decide whether or not block noise occurs at the first andsecond inter-block boundaries; and fifth means for selecting one of (1)the first output video signal generated by the third means and (2) theinput video signal in response to results of the comparing by the fourthmeans to get a second output video signal; wherein the predeterminedequation is designed so that levels represented by the first outputvideo signal at respective pixels in the rectangular block will be on aline given by a predetermined function of pixel position and connectinga first point in a range corresponding to the first differencecalculated by the first means and a second point in a rangecorresponding to the second difference calculated by the first means. 3.An apparatus for reducing block noise in an input video signal resultingfrom compressively encoding an original video signal rectangular-blockby rectangular-block to get an encoded digital video signal, andexpansively decoding the encoded digital video signal rectangular-blockby rectangular-block, comprising: first means for calculating first andsecond differences in level represented by the input video signal atfirst and second inter-block boundaries adjoining opposite edges ofevery rectangular block respectively; second means for calculating acorrective value at every pixel in the rectangular block from a positionof the pixel and the first and second differences calculated by thefirst means according to a predetermined equation; third means foradding the corrective value calculated by the second means to a levelrepresented by the input video signal to get a first output videosignal; fourth means for comparing the first and second differencescalculated by the first means with a predetermined threshold value todecide whether or not block noise occurs at the first and secondinter-block boundaries; a filter for filtering the input video signal toget a filtered video signal; and fifth means for selecting one of (1)the first output video signal generated by the first means and (2) thefiltered video signal generated by the filter in response to results ofthe comparing by the fourth means to get a second output video signal;wherein the predetermined equation is designed so that levelsrepresented by the first output video signal at respective pixels in therectangular block will be on a line given by a predetermined function ofpixel position and connecting a first point in a range corresponding tothe first difference calculated by the first means and a second point ina range corresponding to the second difference calculated by the firstmeans.
 4. An apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein the filtercomprises a low pass filter.
 5. An apparatus for reducing block noise inan input video signal resulting from compressively encoding an originalvideo signal rectangular-block by rectangular-block to get an encodeddigital video signal, and expansively decoding the encoded digital videosignal rectangular-block by rectangular-block, comprising: first meansfor calculating first and second differences in level represented by theinput video signal at first and second inter-block boundaries adjoiningopposite edges of every rectangular block respectively; second means forcalculating a corrective value at every pixel in the rectangular blockfrom a position of the pixel and the first and second differencescalculated by the first means according to a predetermined equation;third means for adding the corrective value calculated by the secondmeans to a level represented by the input video signal to get a firstoutput video signal; fourth means for comparing the first and seconddifferences calculated by the first means with first and secondpredetermined threshold values to decide conditions of block noise atthe first and second inter-block boundaries; a filter for filtering theinput video signal to get a filtered video signal; and fifth means forselecting one of (1) the first output video signal generated by thefirst means, (2) the input video signal, and (3) the filtered videosignal generated by the filter in response to results of the comparingby the fourth means to get a second output video signal; wherein thepredetermined equation is designed so that levels represented by thefirst output video signal at respective pixels in the rectangular blockwill be on a line given by a predetermined function of pixel positionand connecting a first point in a range corresponding to the firstdifference calculated by the first means and a second point in a rangecorresponding to the second difference calculated by the first means. 6.An apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein the filter comprises a lowpass filter.